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There was no significant difference in efficacy between RCTs providing IPD and those not ( p >0.05). Results: We included 14 of 23 eligible RCTs in IPD meta-analyses including 898 patients. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for risk of bias, treatment format and study characteristics. Patient characteristics were investigated as moderators of symptoms at post-treatment. Hierarchical mixed effects models were used to examine efficacy for psychotic symptoms. Authors of RCTs comparing CBTp with other psychological interventions were contacted to obtain original databases.
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Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, PsychInfo and CENTRAL. We aimed to determine a) whether results from IPD were consistent with study-level meta-analyses and b) whether demographic and clinical characteristics moderate treatment outcome. Limitations of conventional meta-analysis may be addressed using individual-participant-data (IPD).
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10Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.9Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University de São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.8Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS-CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.7Wolfson Unit, Centre for Aging and Vitality, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.6Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.5Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Arbeitsgruppe Klinische Neuropsychologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.4South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.3Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.2Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, Netherlands.1Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.Valmaggia 3,4, Steffen Moritz 5, Tania Lecomte 6, Douglas Turkington 7, Rafael Penadés 8, Helio Elkis 9, Corinne Cather 10, Frances Shawyer 11, Kieron O’Connor 12, Zhan-Jiang Li 13, Eliza Martha de Paiva Barretto 9 and Pim Cuijpers 1 Turner 1*, Mirjam Reijnders 1, Mark van der Gaag 1,2, Eirini Karyotaki 1, Lucia R.